TYPES OF TISSUES IN PLANTS

October 15, 2019November 18, 2019 Nagababy 0 Comments 4 types of plants tissue, dermal tissues, ground tissues, meristematic tissues, Plants tissues

PLANT TISSUES

Plants perform several life processes like growth, respiration, excretion, photosynthesis.

Plant cell has a cell wall. The group of cells that perform a similar function and are similar in structure is known as tissue.

There are basically four types of tissues in plants

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
DERMAL TISSUES
GROUND TISSUES
VASCULAR TISSUES

1.MERISTEMATIC TISSUES

Tissues that brings about overall growth and repair in a plant is the meristematic tissue.
It brings about the growth in the plant body.
This tissue is again classified into three types

Apical Meristematic tissue
Lateral Meristematic tissue
Intercalary Meristematic tissue.

APICAL MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

The tissues that helps in the growth of the plant is called Apical Meristematic.
This tissue is present at the growing tips, sides and in between layers of other tissues.
E.g., root tip, shoot tip

LATERAL MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

Tissue that gives rise to the growth in girth of the steam is called Lateral Meristematic.
This tissue is present at the edges in a lateral manner.

INTERCALARY MERISTEMATIC TISSUE

Tissue that present at the branching takes place or a leaf or a flower stalk grows are known as intercalary Meristematic.

2.DERMAL TISSUES

Dermal tissue is usually consisting of a single layer of tissue showing variation in the types of cells
The tissue that protects the plants from water loss, mechanical damage and invasion by disease causing organisms is the dermal tissue.
It secrets various excretory products.
On the basis of their location and function dermal tissues are studied as three different types.

Epidermis (outermost layer)
Mesodermis (middle layer)
Endodermis (innermost layer)

The wall of the cells of dermal tissue are thicker as compared to the cells of Meristematic tissues.
In desert plants it may be even more thick and waxy. Small pores are seen in the epidermis of the leaf, called stomata.
They are enclosed by two kidney shaped cells, called guard cells.
Cells of the roots have long hair like parts, called root hair.

FUNCTION OF DERMAL TISSUE

Stomata and root hair also dermal tissues that are essential for gaseous exchange and transpiration as well as absorption of water and minerals respectively.
In big trees the dermal tissues from several layers above the epidermis it is called bark.

3.GROUND TISSUES

Tissues that forms the bulk of the plant body is called ground tissue. It helps in storing food and give physical support to the plant.
There are mainly three types of ground tissues. They are

PARENCHYMA
COLLENCHYMA
SCLERENCHYMA

PARENCHYMA

The cell of the Parenchyma is soft, thin walled and loosely packed.
Parenchyma again classified as three types

CHLORENCHYMA
AERENCHYMA
STORAGE TISSUE

CHLORENCHYMA

The Parenchyma which contains a chloroplast is known as Chlorenchyma.
They perform photosynthesis.
E.g., Palisade Parenchyma, spongy Parenchyma.

AERENCHYMA

The Parenchyma which contains large air cavities or space is called Aerenchyma.
They provide buoyancy.
E.g., Cortex of water plants like Hydrilla, Eichornia.

STORAGE TISSUE

The Parenchyma which stores water, food or waste materials is called Storage Tissue.
The help in storage of reserve food.
E.g., Endodermis of seeds.

COLLENCHYMA

Collenchyma tissues have thicker walled, longer cells compared to Parenchyma.
This gives mechanical support to plant.
Intercellular space is present.

SCLERENCHYMA

In the Sclerenchyma the cells are thick walled and compactly arranged with nearly no space between them.
They give mechanical strength to the plant.

4.VASCULAR TISSUES

Any tissues which contain vessels through which fluids are passed is called a Vascular tissue.
Vascular tissue gives mechanical support to the plant as well.
The Vascular tissues are again classified as two types

XYLEM
PHLOEM

XYLEM

Xylem conducts water and material salt from the roots to the leaves.
Tracheid, vessels, fibers and Parenchyma are consists of Xylem
In Xylem only Xylem parenchyma is living.

PHLOEM

Phloem conducts food from the leaves to the growing parts of the plants.
The Phloem consists of sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells, fibers and Parenchyma.
Only phloem fibers are non-living.